Medical marijuana entered Polish pharmacies as a pharmaceutical product only at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, but within a few years it transformed the treatment of numerous ailments. Today, in February 2026, the range of available varieties is wider than ever. Patients have access to herbs with varying levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other phytocannabinoids, as well as a wealth of terpenes responsible for aroma, flavor, and subtle nuances of action. Choosing the right strain is a challenge: it must combine therapeutic efficacy, safety, and acceptable side effects. This article is a guide to understanding the preparations currently available, the differences between the main types of strains, how to analyze cannabinoid and terpene profiles, and how to initiate and maintain therapy to achieve the best results.

This article was prepared as a comprehensive resource for patients, doctors, and anyone interested in cannabis therapy. It compiles information from numerous reputable sources, current scientific research, and patient experiences. It includes a detailed description of the strains available in pharmacies, explanations of the differences between indica, sativa, and hybrids, and tips on selecting a strain for a specific condition. The guide includes the latest data on dosage, administration methods, contraindications, costs, and paperwork.

Medical marijuana in Poland – Since 2017, patients have had access to controlled cannabis preparations by prescription. Herbs, oils, capsules, and other products are laboratory-tested, and therapy is always conducted under the supervision of a physician.
Current Varieties (February 2026) – Polish pharmacies offer dozens of strains from numerous producers, including Aurora, Canopy Growth, Cantourage, Cosma, Four20 Pharma, Suprobion, PhytoPur Bio, S‑Lab, and Tilray. They vary in THC content (18–29 %) and terpene profile.
Indica, Sativa and Hybrids "Indicas are typically high in sedative myrcene and caryophyllene, which translates to relaxing and analgesic effects. Sativas produce terpenes like limonene and pinene and provide a more energizing effect. Hybrids combine characteristics of both types.".
How to choose a variety – Analyze THC and CBD content, terpene profile, and your own therapeutic needs. Various Indica strains are effective for pain, Sativa for depression and fatigue, and hybrids often help with complex symptoms.
Security – Start with small doses (e.g., 0.1g of herb with 20 % THC), gradually increase the dose, and note the effects. Vaporization is most often recommended; oils and capsules take longer to work. Side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, and red eyes.
Therapy costs – 5g of dried herb typically costs 200–350 PLN, and a monthly treatment with small doses is approximately 150–300 PLN. Additional costs include doctor visits, a vaporizer, and accessories.

What is medical marijuana?

Medical marijuana is a strictly controlled pharmaceutical product derived from cannabis varieties with standardized active compound content. Unlike recreational cannabis, each batch of medical marijuana is tested for purity, absence of microbiological contamination and pesticides, and precise phytocannabinoid and terpene content. Products are produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, and their delivery to pharmacies is overseen by the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspectorate.

The main active compounds in cannabis are cannabinoids, the best-known of which are THC and CBD. THC is a psychoactive molecule responsible for euphoria, altering perception, and stimulating appetite, but it also has analgesic, antiemetic, and antispastic properties. CBD is non-psychoactive; it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant effects. Other cannabinoids (CBG, CBN, CBC, THCV) are also present in the herb, which enhance the effects of the main components or provide their own therapeutic effects. Terpenes—volatile aromatic compounds—play an extremely important role, giving strains their characteristic aroma and influencing their effects through the so-called entourage effect, a synergistic interaction between terpenes and cannabinoids.

History and regulations in Poland

Poland joined the ranks of countries allowing cannabis therapy in 2017, when an amendment to the Pharmaceutical Law permitted the sale of medical marijuana. Legislators specified that any licensed physician, regardless of specialization, is authorized to issue a prescription. Cannabis-based medications are available only by electronic prescription and can be dispensed at selected pharmacies. Patients must obtain a medical certificate during their appointment – initially, this was most often a consultation at specialized clinics, but over time, more and more family doctors have gained expertise in this field.

Cannabis therapy in Poland is not reimbursed by the National Health Fund, so patients finance it entirely out of pocket. In addition to the cost of the herb or extracts, there are fees for qualification and follow-up visits and the cost of vaporization equipment. An initial qualification visit at a dedicated clinic typically costs around 200–300 PLN, with follow-up visits being slightly cheaper, and prescription consultations—for prescription renewal—cost several dozen zlotys. Despite financial barriers and the lack of reimbursement, the number of patients is growing year over year, proving the therapy's effectiveness.

It's worth remembering that despite the legalization of medical marijuana, certain restrictions apply. The most important include:

Driving under the influence of THC is prohibited Polish law differentiates between THC concentrations in the blood; above 2 ng/ml, a driver is considered to be under the influence of a narcotic substance, which is an offense. In practice, this means that a patient should not drive for at least several hours after using the drug.
Available only by prescription – sales take place only in pharmacies, and the patient must have a valid e-prescription.
No refunds – patients bear the full costs of therapy.
Age restrictions – therapy in children and adolescents is permitted only in exceptional situations (e.g. in drug-resistant epilepsy) and requires the consent of a specialist.

The medical marijuana market is developing dynamically. New varieties and producers are emerging, and in 2023, the first permits for domestic cultivation of non-fibrous hemp were issued, which may lower prices and increase the availability of the raw material in the future. At the same time, awareness among doctors and patients is increasing, and research is being conducted on the effectiveness and safety of the therapy.

Understanding Cannabinoids

To make an informed choice about a medical marijuana strain, it's important to understand the active compounds the plant contains and how they affect the body. The following subsections present the most important cannabinoids.

THC – psychoactive and analgesic power

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most well-known cannabinoid for its psychoactive effects. It binds to CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, causing perception changes, improving mood, and increasing appetite. In a medical context, THC has analgesic, antiemetic, and antispastic effects, and aids in sleep. However, higher doses may cause dizziness, short-term memory impairment, anxiety, or paranoia in sensitive individuals. Strains with higher THC content (above 22 %) are primarily intended for patients with long-term experience or severe conditions requiring a strong analgesic effect.

CBD – a non-psychoactive modulator

Cannabidiol (CBD) doesn't cause a high because it doesn't act on CB1 receptors to the same extent as THC. Its properties include anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. CBD can mitigate the side effects of THC, so balanced varieties (hybrids) often contain trace amounts of it. Although most medical marijuana varieties available in Poland have low CBD content (less than 1 %), CBD-dominant preparations are increasingly appearing in pharmacies, used for epilepsy and anxiety disorders.

Other cannabinoids: CBG, CBN, CBC and THCV

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a precursor to THC and CBD. It exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and supports neural tissue regeneration. Cannabinol (CBN), produced by the degradation of THC, has a sedative effect and is used in sleep aids. Cannabichromene (CBC) has antidepressant and analgesic properties, while tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can suppress appetite and alleviate anxiety. Although present in lower concentrations, they can significantly impact the therapeutic effect, especially when combined with terpenes.

Terpenes – aromas and synergistic effects

Terpenes are volatile hydrocarbons found in plants that impart their aroma and flavor. Over 200 terpenes have been identified in cannabis, and their profiles vary depending on the variety, resulting in distinct therapeutic effects. The interaction of terpenes with cannabinoids enhances the therapeutic effect—a phenomenon known as the entourage effect. The most important terpenes found in medical marijuana are described below:

Myrcene – dominant in many Indica strains. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties. It aids sleep and reduces muscle tension. The aroma of myrcene is associated with musk, earth, and cloves.
Limonene – present in Sativa varieties. It influences mood, has anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties. It supports the immune system and may have anti-cancer properties. It gives the strains a citrusy, fresh scent.
Pinene – a pine-scented terpene found in many coniferous plants. It has anti-inflammatory properties and dilates the bronchi, making breathing easier. Studies suggest it may improve concentration and memory.
Linalool – imparts a lavender aroma. It has calming, analgesic, and anticonvulsant properties. It helps combat stress and anxiety and facilitates sleep.
Caryophyllene – the only terpene that binds directly to CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immune-supporting properties. It imparts a spicy, peppery aroma.
Humulene – known from hops. It has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce appetite.
Nerolidol and bisabolol – terpenes with calming and antioxidant properties. They support skin regeneration and soothe inflammation.
Terpinolene – has antibacterial and relaxing effects, and may calm excessive neuronal activity. It is found in many Sativa strains.

Knowing the terpene profile allows you to better select a strain for a specific problem. For example, if a patient suffers from insomnia, they might choose a strain rich in myrcene and linalool. Limonene and terpinolene will help with depression and anxiety, and caryophyllene and humulene will help with inflammation.

Strain Types: Indica, Sativa, and Hybrids

Traditionally, marijuana has been divided into two main types: Indica and Sativa. However, modern breeding has introduced hundreds of hybrids combining characteristics of both types, and botanists emphasize that this division is a simplification. Nevertheless, this classification still helps patients and doctors navigate.

Indica – the queen of relaxation

Indica plants (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) originate from the mountainous regions of South Asia and are short, compact, and have broad leaves. Indica strains contain higher THC concentrations (1–30 %) and lower CBD. They are dominated by sedative terpenes such as myrcene and caryophyllene, which translate to physical relaxation, relief from pain and muscle tension, and improved sleep. Indica is often recommended for treating chronic pain, sleep disorders, anxiety, inflammation, muscle spasms, epilepsy, and glaucoma.

Sativa – energy and creativity

Sativa strains (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) originate from equatorial regions. Plants are tall, slender, and have narrow leaves. They contain lower THC levels but higher CBD levels than indica strains. Terpenes such as limonene, pinene, and terpinolene give them a sweet or fruity aroma. Sativa's effects are stimulating—increasing energy, improving mood, creativity, and concentration, which can be helpful in treating depression, fatigue, ADHD, migraines, and nausea. However, it can cause anxiety in some people, especially at high doses.

Hybrids – a balance of both worlds

Hybrids are created by crossing indica and sativa in varying proportions. Breeders create strains with a balanced effect, combining the relaxation of indica with the energy of sativa. This allows for the precise tailoring of the cannabinoid and terpene profile to suit the needs of patients. For example, indica-dominant hybrids alleviate pain and insomnia without causing heaviness, while sativa-dominant hybrids provide energy without causing overstimulation.

Currently available medical marijuana strains (February 2026)

As of February 2026, the Polish market offers a wide selection of medical marijuana strains. Below is a brief description of the most popular strains, grouped by producer. The list includes THC content, dominant type (Indica, Sativa, or hybrid), primary terpenes, and approximate effects. The aromatic profile is described in simplified terms – individual experiences may vary. It's worth noting that the availability of individual strains may vary from month to month.

Aurora

Pink Kush 20 % (Indica) – Rich in myrcene, limonene, caryophyllene, linalool, nerolidol, and bisabolol. Provides deep relaxation of body and mind. An aromatic blend of woody, peppery, and rose notes. Recommended for chronic pain, insomnia, and nervous tension.
Ghost Train Haze 22 % (Sativa) Terpinolene, myrcene, limonene, pinene, ocimene, and linalool are responsible for its stimulating, euphoric character. The aroma combines citrus, spices, and pine notes. Used for depression, fatigue, and loss of appetite.
Delahaze 22 % (Sativa) – terpinolene, myrcene, caryophyllene, pinene, and ocimene. It has an energizing effect, improves concentration, and boosts mood. The aroma combines spicy notes with a touch of mint and pine. It helps combat anxiety and stress.
Black Jelly 27 % (Sativa) – Limonene, caryophyllene, myrcene, humulene, pinene, and linalool create an intense licorice and fruity flavor. Stimulating effect with a hint of euphoria; recommended during the day to combat fatigue and lack of concentration.
Farm Gas 27 % (Indica) – The terpenes limonene, caryophyllene, nerolidol, humulene, and myrcene give it a citrusy, fuel-like aroma. This strain has a strong relaxing effect, relieving muscle pain and promoting deep sleep. Recommended for patients with chronic pain and insomnia.
Sourdough 29 % (Indica) – characterized by a predominance of limonene, caryophyllene, myrcene, linalool, and bisabolol. The combination of sour and spicy aromas creates a unique profile. This is one of the strongest varieties on the market, used for advanced pain conditions.

Canopy Growth

Snowtorious Krypton 25 % (Indica) – dominated by limonene, caryophyllene, and myrcene. It combines the scent of fuel and musk with earthy notes. It brings powerful muscle relaxation and soothes inflammation.
Red Velvet Cake 27 % (Sativa) – Contains myrcene, limonene, and caryophyllene. It combines a sweet vanilla aroma with spicy notes. It has a stimulating effect, increases creativity, and improves mood.
Kush Mints 27 % (Hybrid) – Rich in limonene, caryophyllene, linalool, and the rare terpene selinadiene. Mint and pine aromas intertwine with an earthy background. It provides a balanced, comprehensive effect: relaxing yet improving concentration.

Cantourage

Mac 1 25 % (Hybrid) – Dominant terpenes include linalool, pinene, caryophyllene, and limonene. A lavender-fruity aroma with a spicy vanilla note. A balance between stimulation and relaxation, ideal for everyday functioning.
Gelato 33 26 % (Hybrid) Linalool, myrcene, and limonene give it a spicy, sweet, and earthy character. It combines euphoria with deep relaxation, making it popular for treating pain and anxiety.

Cosma

Gorilla Girl 20 % (Hybrid/Sativa) – A terpene blend of linalool, myrcene, pinene, humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, terpinolene, and bisabolol creates an energizing effect while also allowing for relaxation. The aroma is nutty and peppery. This strain is used for depression and chronic fatigue.
Blue Monkey 21 % (Hybrid/Indica) – Contains linalool, myrcene, pinene, humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, terpinolene, and bisabolol. The characteristic aroma of citrus and pine is intertwined with spicy notes. The effect is relaxing and balancing, useful for pain and nervous tension.

Four20 Pharma

Mac 1 22 % (Hybrid/Indica) – Linalool, pinene, caryophyllene, and limonene create a floral and herbal aroma. It relieves pain without causing excessive drowsiness; recommended for evening use.
Gorilla Glue #4 22 % (Hybrid/Indica) Myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, and limonene are responsible for the woody, spicy aroma. This strain produces deep relaxation, so it's used for chronic pain, spasms, and insomnia.

Suprobion

Humble Warrior 23 % (Hybrid/Sativa) – rich in myrcene, caryophyllene, and ocimene. It has a stimulating effect, but also provides emotional balance. The citrus aroma intertwines with mint and a hint of skunk.
Gorilla Glue 23 % (Hybrid/Indica) – Contains myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, and bisabolol. It has a classic diesel and pine aroma. It guarantees intense relaxation and pain relief.
Mystic Wonder 23 % (Hybrid/Indica) – Myrcene, pinene, caryophyllene, limonene, and the rare terpene fernesene give it a citrusy, fruity profile. It has relaxing and analgesic effects while also promoting creativity.

PhytoPur Bio

Frosted Lemon Angel 24 % (Hybrid/Indica) Myrcene, pinene, humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, terpinolene, and bisabolol are responsible for the citrus, spicy, and minty aroma. It combines relaxation with a slight stimulation, helping to calm anxiety and inflammation.
Big Purple Dragon 24 % (Hybrid) – Linalool, myrcene, pinene, humulene, caryophyllene, limonene, and guaiol impart a peppery, spicy, and earthy aroma. The effect is balanced, ideal for work and daytime activities.

Other manufacturers (S‑Lab, Tilray, Synoptis Pharma)

Varieties from companies that release products irregularly or in small batches are also appearing on the market. Currently available products include:

S‑Lab 18 % – Lilac Diesel (Hybrid/Sativa) – A strain with a gentle effect, combining euphoria and gentle relaxation. Suitable for beginners.
S‑Lab 18 % – Pink Kush (Indica) – a lower THC version of Pink Kush; provides subtle relaxation and pain relief.
S‑Lab 22 % – Beach Crusher (Hybrid/Indica) – intense analgesic effect with a noticeable fruity and creamy aroma.
Tilray 18 % – Lilac Diesel (Hybrid/Sativa) – similar to the S-Lab version; has a moderate stimulating effect.
Tilray 22 % – Pink Kush (Indica) – a strain ideal for relieving pain and insomnia in people with average experience.
Tilray 22 % – Master Kush (Indica) – rich in myrcene and caryophyllene; strongly calms and relieves pain. Used for neurological diseases and anti-anxiety therapy.
Synoptis Pharma – different varieties – This company collaborates with other producers to introduce occasional strains, often simulcasts of well-known strains. Keep an eye on pharmacies for updates.

How to choose the right variety for your needs?

Choosing a medical marijuana strain is an individualized process that should be done in consultation with a doctor. The following section provides general guidelines to help narrow down your choices.

THC and CBD content analysis

Beginners typically start with strains with lower THC content (18–21 %), which minimizes the risk of strong psychoactive effects. For more experienced users or for treating intense pain, strains with THC levels above 22 % can be used. If you're looking for anti-anxiety effects without getting high, pay attention to the CBD content—while most strains have a low CBD content, some hybrids contain higher levels of this molecule.

Selecting a variety for a specific disease

Chronic pain – Choose Indica strains or hybrids with high THC and analgesic terpenes (myrcene, caryophyllene). Examples: Pink Kush, Master Kush, Galaxy Walker.
Insomnia – Choose Indica strains with a linalool and myrcene predominance, which promote relaxation. Examples: Bakerstreet, Farm Gas, Sourdough.
Stress and anxiety – Enjoy Sativas or balanced hybrids with limonene and terpinolene. Examples: Jack Haze, Delahaze, Gelato 33.
Loss of appetite – THC stimulates appetite, which is why strains such as Mango Kush, Sour Diesel or Ghost Train Haze are recommended.
Fatigue and lack of energy – Choose Sativa strains with a limonene/pinene profile. Examples: Ghost Train Haze, Sour Diesel, Black Jelly.
Inflammation and autoimmune diseases – Look for varieties with caryophyllene and humulene, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Examples: Gorilla Glue #4, Mystic Wonder, Big Purple Dragon.
Epilepsy and neurological disorders – Use CBD-rich products or hybrids with a balanced THC/CBD ratio. Examples: Mac 1, Gelato 33.

The Importance of Terpene Profile

When choosing a strain, it's worth analyzing not only the cannabinoid content but also the terpene profile. People prone to anxiety should avoid strains dominated by terpinolene, which can intensify stimulation, and choose those rich in linalool and humulene. Asthma patients can benefit from strains with pinene, which has a bronchodilating effect. The aroma of a given strain can be a clue – for example, citrus and pine aromas suggest stimulating terpenes, while musk and lavender suggest calming effects.

Considering tolerance and experience

The body builds a tolerance to THC over time, so long-term patients may need stronger strains to achieve the same effect as when they first started treatment. Psychologically sensitive individuals should be cautious and choose strains with lower THC content or those with a balanced profile combining THC with CBD.

Methods of taking medical marijuana

The choice of administration method influences the bioavailability of cannabinoids, the speed of action, the duration of effects, and the convenience of use. The following forms are available in Poland:

Vaporization of herbs – involves heating the herb in a special device (vaporizer) to a temperature of 180–210°C, without combustion. The vapor contains cannabinoids and terpenes, and the effects appear within minutes and last for 2–4 hours. Vaporization allows for precise dose control and minimizes exposure to toxic combustion products.
Oils and extracts – Drops taken under the tongue have a delayed onset of action (30–90 minutes), but the effects last for 4–8 hours. They allow for precise dose measurement and are discreet.
Capsules and tablets – contain a standardized dose of THC and/or CBD. Metabolized in the liver, they provide long-lasting effects (4–8 hours). They can be used by patients who cannot tolerate inhalation.
Infusion or food – rarely used in official therapy in Poland because the dose is more difficult to control. Effects appear after 1–2 hours and last for up to 6–12 hours, which can be beneficial for chronic pain but increases the risk of overdose.
Local applications – Creams and ointments containing cannabinoids are used topically for dermatological conditions. They act locally, without any psychoactive effects.

Safe dosing and the "Start low, go slow" principle„

There is no universal dosing regimen for all patients; therapy must be personalized. Due to the lack of comprehensive clinical guidelines, many physicians follow the "Start low, go slow" principle—starting low and slowly increasing the dose, while remaining at the lowest possible effective dose. Here are some practical tips:

Start with very small doses For example, 0.1g of 20 % THC herb when vaporized delivers approximately 2–5mg of THC, depending on the efficiency of the device and temperature. If using extract, a starting dose of 1–2mg of THC can be used. Reserve higher doses for later.
Gradually increase the dose – If you don't see the desired effect after a few days, increase the amount of herb by 0.05–0.1 g or the number of mg of THC in the oil. Avoid abruptly doubling the dose.
Choose the right vaporization temperature – Initially, maintain a temperature of 180–190°C to primarily release terpenes and limit the high. Later, you can increase it to 200–210°C, which will enhance the extraction of THC and other cannabinoids, providing a stronger analgesic and sleep-inducing effect.
Write down your experiences – Keep a therapy journal, noting the date, strain, dose, method of administration, and any positive and negative effects. This will make it easier to discuss with your doctor and tailor your therapy.
Keep in touch with your doctor – Regular consultations are essential. Your doctor may adjust doses, change varieties, and monitor for possible interactions with other medications.

Therapy monitoring and optimization

Finding the perfect strain and dosage takes time. Each patient's body responds differently, so patience and systematic monitoring of response to therapy are essential. Here are some tips:

Symptom Diary – Record the intensity of your symptoms before and after using marijuana, as well as the effects on sleep, mood, appetite, and pain. This will help you better assess the effectiveness of a specific strain and method of administration.
Analyze your performance profile If a particular strain produces too strong a psychoactive effect, consider a strain with lower THC content or one with more CBD and sedative terpenes. If the effects wear off too quickly, consider switching from vaporizing to oils, which have a longer-lasting effect.
Consult your doctor regularly – share your observations and be prepared to adjust your treatment plan. Your doctor may recommend changing the strain, adding a second medication, or discontinuing treatment if tolerance develops.
Beware of drug interactions – Medical marijuana may interact with medications such as anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antidepressants, sleeping pills, and pain relievers. Do not change the dose of other medications on your own without consulting your doctor.

Side effects and contraindications

Although medical marijuana is considered a safe therapeutic agent, it can cause side effects. Their occurrence depends on the dose, method of administration, patient tolerance, and individual susceptibility to cannabinoids. The following should be considered:

Short-term side effects

Dry mouth (xerostomia) – caused by the action of THC on the salivary glands. Drinking water, herbal infusions, or chewing gum helps reduce it.
Red eyes – results from vasodilation and lowering of intraocular pressure. It is harmless and subsides after a few hours.
Dizziness – may be the result of an excessively high dose or a sudden drop in blood pressure. It is recommended to get up slowly and avoid sudden movements after taking the medication.
Increased appetite – in some cases it is beneficial (e.g. when underweight), but it can lead to excessive calorie intake.
Disturbances in coordination and time perception – may make driving and operating machinery difficult. Therefore, patients should refrain from such activities for at least several hours after taking the preparation.

Long-term and rare side effects

Development of tolerance – With regular use, the body becomes accustomed to THC, requiring increased doses. Taking breaks and rotating strains is recommended.
Psychological addiction – although the risk of addiction is lower than in the case of substances such as alcohol or opioids, patients with predispositions should be cautious.
Short-term memory disorders – these mainly affect young users and high doses of THC. Cognitive abilities return to normal after discontinuing the drug.
Psychosis In genetically predisposed individuals, medical marijuana may trigger psychotic symptoms or exacerbate existing conditions. Therefore, patients with a history of schizophrenia or psychotic episodes should avoid THC.
Drug interactions – Cannabinoids may enhance the effects of sedatives, anticoagulants, antiepileptics, and other medications. Consulting a doctor is crucial to avoid complications.

Contraindications

Medical marijuana is not recommended in certain situations. The main contraindications include:

pregnancy and breastfeeding – cannabinoids cross the placental barrier and into breast milk;
people with psychotic illnesses or a predisposition to schizophrenia;
severe circulatory failure, advanced liver and kidney disease;
addiction to other psychoactive substances;
cannabinoid intolerance or allergy to the ingredients of the preparation (rare, but possible).

Patients with chronic illnesses should discuss the use of marijuana with their physician and familiarize themselves with possible drug interactions.

Costs and logistics of therapy in Poland

Financing cannabis therapy requires considering various expenses. The price of the herb depends on the manufacturer, THC content, terpene profile, and market availability. As of February 2026, 5g of medical herb typically costs between 200 and 350 PLN, which translates to 40–70 PLN per gram. High-THC strains (22–29 %) are more expensive, while strains with lower THC and higher CBD are slightly cheaper. From an economic perspective, it's more cost-effective to buy larger packages (10g, 15g), as the price per gram is lower.

In addition to the product itself, there are additional costs to consider:

Qualification visit – approximately PLN 250; includes a consultation with a doctor, analysis of medical records and issuance of the first prescription.
Follow-up visits – approximately PLN 200; they allow for assessing the effectiveness of the therapy and modifying the doses.
Renewal prescription – approximately PLN 100–150; short consultation to extend therapy.
Inhalation equipment – A portable vaporizer costs between 300 and 2500 PLN, depending on the brand and features. It's worth investing in a device with precise temperature control.
Accessories – a herb grinder (PLN 20–50), a jewelry scale (PLN 20–40) and humidity regulators to maintain appropriate storage conditions.

The monthly cost of therapy depends on the dose. Consuming 0.1–0.2 g of herb daily will cost 150–300 PLN, but with higher demand, costs can increase several-fold. In the future, prices may decline thanks to domestic production of the raw material, an increased number of suppliers, and potential reimbursement. Some patients may receive financial assistance from foundations or associations specializing in cannabis therapy.

Most Common Patient Errors and Best Practices

Beginners can make mistakes that hinder achieving optimal results. Below are the most common mistakes and practical recommendations.

Using too high doses from the beginning – may lead to discomfort, anxiety, and increased side effects. Always start with small doses.
Lack of systematicity – Irregular use of marijuana makes it difficult to assess its effectiveness. Establish a treatment regimen with your doctor and stick to it.
Incorrect vaporization temperature – Too high a temperature can lead to material combustion and inhalation of harmful products. Too low a temperature prevents the full spectrum of active compounds from being released. Adjust the temperature gradually.
Ignoring drug interactions – Using marijuana without informing your doctor about other medications may result in complications. Report all medications, supplements, and herbs you take.
Insufficient hydration and diet – Cannabis can cause dry mouth and lower blood pressure. Drink water and eat a diet rich in magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants that support the endocannabinoid system.
Not stored in appropriate conditions – Herbs should be stored in an airtight container with a humidity regulator, in a dark, cool place. Too much humidity promotes mold, while too little leads to terpene loss.

Prospects and development of cannabis therapy in Poland

The medical marijuana market in Poland is growing every year. New permits for cannabis cultivation are being issued, which could translate into lower prices and greater supply stability. Domestic production could also enable the production of high-CBD varieties, which are needed to treat epilepsy and neurological disorders. Furthermore, research is underway on new forms of the drug, such as aerosols, transdermal patches, and synthetic cannabinoids that selectively target CB2 receptors (without causing intoxication).

In the coming years, educational programs for doctors and pharmacists are expected to expand, along with improved dosing standardization. Legislative changes are also possible, including the introduction of reimbursement under the National Health Fund (NFZ), specifying permissible THC concentrations in drivers' blood, and simplifying procedures for chronically ill patients. At the same time, interest in cannabis cultivation and processing in Poland is growing, potentially making the country a major player in the European medical marijuana market.

Choosing a medical marijuana strain is a complex process that requires an understanding of the basics of cannabis biology, knowledge of THC and CBD content, terpene profile, and an assessment of the patient's individual needs. February 2026 brings a wide range of available strains—from relaxing indicas to energizing sativas and hybrids combining both properties. The key to success is awareness and education: starting with low doses, gradually increasing them, keeping a therapy journal, and regular consultations with a doctor. Cannabis therapy isn't a miracle cure-all, but for many people, it provides real pain relief, improved mood, and improved quality of life. Thanks to the dynamic development of the industry, a growing number of trained specialists, and the ongoing liberalization of laws, patients can count on a growing selection of safe and effective preparations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What diseases can be treated with medical marijuana?

Medical marijuana can be used for chronic pain (neuropathic, cancer, rheumatoid), multiple sclerosis, drug-resistant epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, inflammatory bowel disease, fibromyalgia, endometriosis, skin conditions, and to alleviate the effects of chemotherapy (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite). The list of indications is constantly expanding as research progresses.

What does the division into Indica, Sativa and hybrids mean?

This division stems from the traditional classification of cannabis plants and helps describe their dominant effects. Indica typically has a sedative and analgesic effect, Sativa stimulates and creates a creative effect, and hybrids combine characteristics of both types. However, it's worth remembering that most strains available today are crosses with complex terpene profiles.

Which variety should I choose to start with?

Beginners are advised to choose strains with a lower THC content (18–21 %) and a moderate terpene profile, such as Lilac Diesel, Pink Kush (versions 18–20 %), or Gelato 33. It is worth starting with small doses and observing the body's reactions.

Can you drive after using medical marijuana?

No. THC affects reaction time, concentration, and coordination. Polish law imposes limits on THC blood concentrations – exceeding them while driving is a misdemeanor or felony. Patients should avoid driving for at least several hours after taking the medication and always monitor their well-being.

How long do the effects of different forms of marijuana last?

Vaporizing the herb produces an effect within minutes and lasts for 2–4 hours. Oils and capsules take effect within 30–90 minutes, and the effects last for 4–8 hours. Oral consumption (e.g., in food) produces the latest but longest effects—up to 12 hours.

What are the most important terpenes and what functions do they perform?

The most popular terpenes include: myrcene (sedative and analgesic), limonene (mood-enhancing and anti-anxiety), pinene (bronchodilator and memory-boosting), linalool (calms and relieves pain), caryophyllene (anti-inflammatory and analgesic), humulene (antibacterial and appetite-suppressing), nerolidol (sedative), bisabolol (antioxidant), and terpinolene (antibacterial and relaxing). The right combination of terpenes influences the final therapeutic effect.

What methods of administration are available in Poland?

The most popular method is vaporizing dried herbs. It provides rapid relief and controlled dosing. Oils, capsules, sublingual preparations, ointments, and creams are also available. Aerosols and transdermal patches will be available in the future. The choice of method depends on the patient's preferences, the condition, and the expected duration of action.

Can children use medical marijuana?

Therapy for children is only possible in exceptional cases (e.g., drug-resistant epilepsy) and requires specialist approval and close monitoring. CBD-dominant preparations are most commonly used, with doses determined individually.

What is the procedure for obtaining a prescription?

To obtain medical marijuana, you must schedule an appointment with a licensed physician. During the appointment, the physician will assess your medical history and previous treatment, and determine your eligibility. Once an e-prescription is issued, the patient can redeem it at pharmacies that stock cannabis. If necessary, the prescription can be renewed after a follow-up consultation.

Is medical marijuana addictive?

Cannabis can lead to psychological dependence in a small percentage of users, especially with long-term and high consumption. The risk is lower than with alcohol or opioids. Appropriate dose control, breaks in use, and medical supervision minimize this risk.

What to do if a particular variety doesn't work?

Reactions to strains vary. If you don't see improvement, consult your doctor. Possible solutions include increasing the dose, switching to a strain with a different terpene profile, using a different delivery method (e.g., oil instead of vaporization), or combining multiple strains.

Can medical marijuana be combined with other therapies?

In many cases, cannabis therapy complements other treatment methods (pharmacological, physiotherapy, psychotherapy). It's important for your doctor to be familiar with all medications and supplements you're taking, as cannabinoids can interact with other medications. Caution should be exercised when taking anticoagulants, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.

How to safely store dried herbs and oils?

Store cannabis products in their original, airtight packaging in a cool, dry, and dark place. Excessive humidity promotes mold growth, while light and high temperatures cause cannabinoid and terpene degradation. Humidity regulators can be used to maintain optimal levels (approximately 58–62 lTP3T).

Why keep a therapy journal?

A journal allows you to track dosages, variations, and effects. This makes it easier for you and your doctor to assess which medications work best and what adjustments need to be made. Regular notes also help you identify potential interactions or side effects.

Can I grow medical marijuana for my own use?

No. In Poland, the cultivation of cannabis containing more than 0.3 % THC is prohibited outside designated plantations with special permits. Patients can only purchase the raw material from pharmacies with a prescription. Violation of cultivation regulations may result in criminal prosecution.

What are the prospects for the development of cannabis therapy?

The medical marijuana market in Poland is expected to continue to grow. We can expect domestic cultivation, new forms of the drug (aerosols, patches), more varieties with high CBD content, and possible reimbursement by the National Health Fund. Education for doctors and patients will become more widespread, and research on cannabinoids and terpenes will provide new data on their effects.

Does medical marijuana work immediately?

This depends on the method of administration. Vaporization produces effects within minutes, while oils and capsules take 30–90 minutes to begin working. Oral administration (e.g., with food) can extend the onset to two hours. Patients should wait for the full effect before increasing the dose.

How to find a pharmacy that offers medical marijuana?

You can check the list of pharmacies on the websites of manufacturers and websites that collect information about drug availability. It's also worth asking your doctor about cooperating facilities. Due to the growing number of patients, more and more pharmacies are deciding to offer cannabis.

Can differences between batches affect performance?

Although each batch is standardized, subtle differences in terpene profile and cannabinoid content can occur due to growing conditions. Therefore, some batches of the same strain may produce slightly different effects. Keeping a journal can help you identify these differences.

How long can dried herbs be stored?

Under proper conditions, dried herbs can be stored for 6–12 months. After this time, terpene and cannabinoid content may begin to decline, and the aroma may weaken. Oils have a longer shelf life (usually 12–24 months), but always check the expiration date on the packaging.

The endocannabinoid system – the key to the action of medical marijuana

To understand how cannabis affects the body, it's worth considering the endocannabinoid system. This complex cell signaling system, whose discovery in the 1990s revolutionized our understanding of neurobiology, consists of CB1 and CB2 receptors, endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain and nervous system; they are responsible for regulating pain perception, mood, memory, and motivation, among other functions. CB2 receptors are found primarily in immune cells and peripheral tissues and are involved in inflammatory processes and modulation of the immune response.

Endocannabinoids are produced by the body on demand. Anandamide, known as the "happiness molecule," influences mood and appetite, while 2-AG is involved in anti-inflammatory processes. When we take medical marijuana, THC and other cannabinoids bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, mimicking the effects of endogenous ligands. Terpenes modulate these interactions, potentially increasing or decreasing receptor activity. The endocannabinoid system is also responsible for homeostasis, or maintaining balance in the body. Disturbances in its functioning can contribute to the development of chronic diseases, and the use of external cannabinoids can help restore balance.

The history of cannabis applications in medicine

Hemp is one of the oldest plants cultivated by humans. Archaeological evidence indicates its use as far back as five thousand years ago in ancient China, India, and the Middle East. In Chinese medicine, hemp leaves and seeds were used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative. In Ayurveda, hemp preparations were used to treat insomnia, migraines, digestive problems, and as an aphrodisiac. In ancient Egypt, hemp resin was an ingredient in ointments for wounds and labor pains. The Greek physician Hippocrates described hemp seeds as an analgesic and diuretic.

In the 19th century, cannabis reached European pharmacies – dried herbs and extracts were used to treat pain, muscle spasms, coughs, and tetanus. The British Pharmacopoeia of 1890 listed "tinctura cannabis" as a recognized medicine. However, the early 20th century saw a period of prohibition; in the 1930s, the United States introduced strict regulations restricting the cultivation and trade of cannabis, a policy soon replicated in many countries. It wasn't until the second half of the 20th century that the plant's therapeutic potential began to be re-examined, particularly in the treatment of glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and chronic pain. Medical marijuana became legal in Poland in 2017, and since then, the number of clinical indications and available preparations has been steadily growing.

Integrating Cannabis Therapy with a Holistic Lifestyle

Cannabis therapy is most effective when incorporated into a broader health plan. Patients often find that proper diet, physical activity, and mindfulness enhance the effects of medical marijuana. A diet rich in healthy fats (omega-3 and omega-6), antioxidants (vegetables, fruits, green tea), and magnesium supports the endocannabinoid system and helps regulate mood. Avoid processed foods, excess sugar, and alcohol, which burden the liver and can exacerbate the side effects of THC.

Regular physical activity—even moderate walking, yoga, swimming, or cycling—promotes the production of natural endocannabinoids, improves circulation, and helps manage stress. Breathing exercises, meditation, and mindfulness techniques increase the body's ability to respond to therapy, reducing the perception of pain and anxiety. Patients should practice good sleep hygiene: adequate sleep duration and quality influence cannabinoid metabolism and can increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Scientific research and clinical evidence

Medical marijuana is the subject of intense scientific research, but many questions remain. In the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain, meta-analyses indicate moderate effectiveness of cannabis in reducing pain and improving sleep quality. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials have confirmed that nabiximols (a spray containing THC and CBD) reduces spasticity in multiple sclerosis and alleviates cancer pain. In drug-resistant epilepsy in children, high doses of CBD can significantly reduce the number of seizures; preparations such as Epidiolex are approved in the European Union for selected epilepsy syndromes.

In the context of mental disorders, research results are mixed. Low doses of THC can alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress, but high concentrations can exacerbate them in sensitive individuals. CBD has antipsychotic and anxiolytic potential but requires further clinical testing. In oncology, there is evidence that cannabis alleviates the side effects of chemotherapy (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite), and in the laboratory, antiproliferative effects of some cannabinoids on cancer cells have been observed. However, human studies are limited, and cannabis cannot replace standard anticancer therapies.

It's important to distinguish anecdotal patient reports from scientific evidence. While many people report dramatic results, the effects of medical marijuana depend on the dose, strain, route of administration, and individual biochemistry. Further, well-designed clinical trials are needed to fully understand the potential and limitations of cannabis for various conditions.

Myths and Facts About Medical Marijuana

Myth: All strains work the same – Fact: Each variety has a different cannabinoid and terpene profile, which translates into different effects.
Myth: THC is dangerous and should be avoided. – Fact: THC in the right dose has strong analgesic and antiemetic properties, but requires careful dosing.
Myth: CBD has no side effects – Fact: CBD may cause drowsiness, diarrhea, and interactions with other medications, especially at high doses.
Myth: Medical marijuana is a panacea for all diseases. – Fact: Cannabis is a therapeutic tool that can support treatment, but it does not replace standard therapy and does not work for everyone.
Myth: The effects of marijuana depend only on THC. – Fact: Terpenes and other cannabinoids modulate the effects of THC; this synergy determines the unique profile of each strain.
Myth: The more THC, the better the effect. – Fact: Higher THC content isn't always necessary. For many patients, lower doses are more effective and have fewer side effects.
Myth: Medical cannabis is as addictive as opioids. – Fact: The risk of psychological dependence exists, but is much lower than with opioids. Proper monitoring and medical care minimize the risk.
Myth: Since medical marijuana is legal, you can grow it at home. – Fact: In Poland, growing cannabis with THC levels above 0.3 % is prohibited without a special permit. Patients must purchase the products at a pharmacy.